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Kim (A,B)-scoring, A=1/2 — the middle choice is worth half (Borda)

▶ Live on BetterVoting: vote · results ↗ (election 6mcgkq · test BV2275) — an independent tabulator to check the winners below against.

Bucket — APPROVAL_OR_MINOR: Only Approval differs

Generated by STARVote_LH_tabulation_engine/tools_adam/scripts/build_divergence_index.py — rebuilt from the election file; do not hand-edit.

What happens

STAR, RCV-IRV and Ranked Robin all agree on Almond. Only Approval differs, electing Cocoa: Approval counts every score of 3–5 as one equal 'approve' and ignores intensity, rewarding Cocoa's breadth of acceptability over Almond's stronger but more concentrated support. A threshold story about Approval, not a STAR-vs-IRV teaching case.

Winners by method

Method Winner
STAR Almond
RCV-IRV Almond
Ranked Robin (RCV-RR) Almond
Approval Cocoa
Range / Score Almond
Condorcet Almond

Flags: none

Source election: method_comparisons/kim_ordinal_vs_cardinal/cases/bv2275_6mcgkq_ahalf_borda.yaml · STAR tabulated mirror: bv2275_6mcgkq_ahalf_borda_tabulated.txt

3 candidates, 36 ballots.

The ballots

Each row is a group of identical score ballots (0 = no support, 5 = max).

Count Almond Berry Cocoa
12 4 2 0
8 2 4 0
7 2 0 4
9 0 2 4

STAR result (official)

Scoring round (sum of scores): Almond 78, Berry 74, Cocoa 64

Finalists (top two): Almond and Berry

Automatic runoff: Almond 19 vs Berry 17

STAR winner: Almond

Full LH STAR engine report:

--- Runoff (Preference) Matrix ---
Head-to-head / pairwise comparison
Legend: For - Equal Support - Against
        * indicates Top 2 Finalist
                 |   * Almond   |  * Berry    |
-----------------------------------------------
      * Almond > |     ---      |19 -  0 - 17 |
       * Berry > | 17 -  0 - 19 |    ---      |

[Divergence from STAR]
  STAR                   = Almond
  Choose-One (Plurality) = Cocoa   (differs from STAR)
  Approval               = Cocoa   (differs from STAR)

--- STAR Voting Method (single winner) ---
 Tabulating 36 ballots.
Count × Almond,Berry,Cocoa
   12 ×      4,    2,    0
    9 ×      0,    2,    4
    8 ×      2,    4,    0
    7 ×      2,    0,    4

[Score Distribution] (how many ballots gave each star rating)
                   Score
Candidate   5   4   3   2   1   0  | Total   Avg
Almond      0  12   0  15   0   9  |    78   2.2
Berry       0   8   0  21   0   7  |    74   2.1
Cocoa       0  16   0   0   0  20  |    64   1.8

Scoring Round
 The two highest-scoring candidates advance to the next round.
   Almond        -- 78 -- First place
   Berry         -- 74 -- Second place
   Cocoa         -- 64
 Almond and Berry advance.

Automatic Runoff Round
 The candidate preferred in the most head-to-head matchups wins.
   Almond        -- 19 -- First place
   Berry         -- 17
   Equal Support --  0
 Almond wins.
   Voters with a preference: 36 of 36 (no Equal Support).
   Almond 19 (53%) vs Berry 17 (47%); majority = 19.

Winner — STAR Voting Method (single winner)
 Almond

RCV-IRV — round by round

--- RCV / Instant-Runoff Voting (single winner) ---
 Tabulating 36 ballots (converted from score ballots; 0 = unranked, equal scores broken by candidate priority).

Ballots:
   the ranking RCV-IRV reads (0 = unranked, equal scores broken by priority);
   the source score ballot follows in () per column: Almond, Berry, Cocoa
    12 ×   Almond > Berry      (4, 2, 0)
     8 ×   Berry > Almond      (2, 4, 0)
     7 ×   Cocoa > Almond      (2, 0, 4)
     9 ×   Cocoa > Berry      (0, 2, 4)

ROUND 1
Candidate      Votes  Status
-----------  -------  --------
Cocoa             16  Hopeful
Almond            12  Hopeful
Berry              8  Rejected

FINAL RESULT
Candidate      Votes  Status
-----------  -------  --------
Almond            20  Elected
Cocoa             16  Rejected
Berry              0  Rejected


Winner(s) — RCV / Instant-Runoff Voting (single winner)
  Almond

--- Smith Set (the generalized Condorcet winner) ---
The smallest group whose every member beats every candidate outside it —
the honest answer to "who is even in contention?".
   Smith set (1 of 3): Almond
   Outside (2):        Berry, Cocoa
   One member ⇒ Almond is the Condorcet winner, beating every rival head-to-head.
   RCV-IRV winner Almond is INSIDE the Smith set. ✓
      Not guaranteed — RCV-IRV is not Smith-efficient — but it holds here.
   More: 07_Concepts/topics/smith_set.md

NOTE: a generated cross-method view of the STAR ballots, for comparison only — not the official STAR result.

Ranked Robin (RCV-RR) — every pair, head-to-head

--- Ranked Robin (RCV-RR / Copeland) Method (single winner) ---
 Tabulating 36 ballots (score ballots).

Ballots:
   the ranking Ranked Robin reads ("=" = tied); source scores follow in () per column: Almond, Berry, Cocoa
    12 × Almond > Berry > Cocoa      (4, 2, 0)
     8 × Berry > Almond > Cocoa      (2, 4, 0)
     7 × Cocoa > Almond > Berry      (2, 0, 4)
     9 × Cocoa > Berry > Almond      (0, 2, 4)

Round-Robin — every pair, head-to-head (For – Against):
   Almond  beats Berry    19 – 17
   Almond  beats Cocoa    20 – 16
   Berry   beats Cocoa    20 – 16

--- Pairwise (Round-Robin) Matrix ---
Head-to-head / pairwise comparison — the Ranked Robin tally
Legend: For - Equal Support - Against   (row vs column)
           |    Almond    |   Berry     |   Cocoa     |
-------------------------------------------------------
  Almond > |     ---      |19 -  0 - 17 |20 -  0 - 16 |
   Berry > | 17 -  0 - 19 |    ---      |20 -  0 - 16 |
   Cocoa > | 16 -  0 - 20 |16 -  0 - 20 |    ---      |

Win–loss record — Copeland score = wins + ½·ties (highest score wins; ties broken by total margin, then lot order):
    #  Candidate  W–L–T  Copeland  Margin  Beats
    1  Almond     2–0–0         2      +6  Berry, Cocoa
    2  Berry      1–1–0         1      +2  Cocoa
    3  Cocoa      0–2–0         0      -8  —

Winner — Ranked Robin (RCV-RR): Almond
   beats every opponent head-to-head — the Condorcet winner.

--- Smith Set (the generalized Condorcet winner) ---
The smallest group whose every member beats every candidate outside it —
the honest answer to "who is even in contention?".
   Smith set (1 of 3): Almond
   Outside (2):        Berry, Cocoa
   One member ⇒ Almond is the Condorcet winner, beating every rival head-to-head.
   Ranked Robin (RCV-RR) winner Almond is INSIDE the Smith set. ✓
      Guaranteed: Ranked Robin (Copeland) is Smith-efficient — every member of
      the set outscores every outsider, so the top of the win–loss table is
      always inside the set, however the tie among them is then broken.
   More: 07_Concepts/topics/smith_set.md