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The pineapple progression — Choose-One's winner shrinks, the real choice doesn't

A silly, runnable illustration of one serious point: under Choose-One, the more candidates on the ballot, the smaller the winner's mandate can get — while a method that reads the whole ballot keeps finding the choice everyone's actually happy with. We grow a pizza menu from 3 toppings to 11 and watch a fan-favorite win on a shrinking sliver of the vote.

▶ Live on BetterVoting — every rung is a real, clickable election: 34% ↗ · 25% ↗ · 11% ↗ (each shows all four counts).

The setup never changes: a group shares one pizza. Everybody has a passionate favorite topping — but plain Cheese is nobody's first choice and everybody's easy second: put it on, and no one complains. Only the length of the menu changes.

Watch it shrink

Menu Choose-One winner on… STAR / Ranked Robin / Approval
3 toppings (page · run) 🍍 Pineapple 34% 🧀 Cheese live ↗
4 toppings (page · run) 🍍 Pineapple 25% 🧀 Cheese live ↗
11 toppings (page · run) 🍍 Pineapple 11% 🧀 Cheese live ↗

At the bottom rung, eleven diners out of a hundred decide the whole pizza — and the other 89 wanted something else. Pineapple's fan club never grew; the menu did. Choose-One only ever counts your one favorite, so the more the field splits, the less it takes to "win."

Meanwhile nothing changes for the whole-ballot methods. Cheese is everybody's easy second at every rung, so:

  • STAR — Cheese runs away with the scoring round and wins the runoff. → Cheese, every time.
  • Ranked Robin — Cheese beats every topping head-to-head (the Condorcet winner). → Cheese, every time.
  • Approval — nearly everyone approves Cheese; the niche toppings each get only their fan club. → Cheese, every time.

The point (it isn't really about pizza)

Choose-One asks only for your favorite, so a passionate minority can win — and the bigger the field, the smaller that minority needs to be. A ballot that lets you say more, counted in full, keeps electing the candidate a majority is genuinely glad about, no matter how crowded the race.

11% is the extreme that makes it obvious; 34% is the everyday, believable version — the canonical minority-winner example, where a candidate wins a real election on a third of the vote. Same lesson, one memorable pizza.


Run any rung: the .yaml files above. The clean 34% teaching case: the minority winner. Every method on one electorate: same opinions, every method. The concept: Choose-One / Plurality.