election_title: "Dark Horse — STAR elects the honest winner A (Borda would elect the dark horse D)"

scenario_description: |-
  The "Dark Horse 3" scenario (Jameson Quinn's strategic-pathology set). Four
  candidates; D is a nobody — the honest LAST choice of every voter (zero honest
  support). Three factions, each with its own favorite:
    34: A>B>C>D    33: B>A>C>D    33: C>A>B>D
  Under the BORDA count, each faction can bury its rivals by ranking the nobody D
  SECOND; if all three do it, D wins with a total of 200 to A's 168 — elected with
  literally zero honest support (verified with pref_voting; see the README). That is
  the Dark Horse pathology, and it is a prisoner's dilemma: any one faction defecting
  profits, but if all defect, they all lose to D.
  This file shows the fix. Scored honestly on 0-5 (favorite 5, the compromise ~1, the
  nobody 0), STAR elects the honest utilitarian/Condorcet winner A (scoring round
  A 236, B 232, C 198; runoff A 34-33). The [Divergence from STAR] block confirms
  Ranked Robin also elects A. Neither method rewards burying a rival behind D — under
  a score ballot you give BOTH your rival and D a 0, so D never rises. Quinn's own
  prescription: "don't force people to dishonestly support D merely to oppose someone."
  Concept: ../../07_Concepts/topics/strategic_pathologies.md.

video_script: |-
  Meet D, the dark horse — everybody's last choice, zero real support. Under Borda,
  the only way to hurt your rival is to rank someone above them, and the safe someone
  is D. Everyone does it, and D backs into the win. Now score honestly on five stars:
  your rival gets a 0, D gets a 0 — you never have to prop up the nobody. STAR elects
  A, the candidate people actually want. That's the whole trick: scores let you oppose
  without being forced to support.

paradoxes: [condorcet-winner]
voting_method: STAR
num_winners: 1

ballots: |-
  Count:A,B,C,D
  34:5,1,0,0   # A > B > C > D   (honest — favorite 5, nobody D 0)
  33:1,5,1,0   # B > A > C > D
  33:1,1,5,0   # C > A > B > D

expected_winners:
  - A

# file: dark_horse_star.yaml