election_title: "Burlington 2009 mayor — RCV-IRV: the real center squeeze (Kiss wins, the Condorcet winner is third)"
paradoxes: [condorcet-winner]
scenario_description: |-
  The most-cited real IRV failure, reproduced from the real ballots. Round
  1: Wright (R) 2950, Kiss (P) 2585, Montroll (D) 2062, Smith 1306. Montroll
  — the Condorcet winner, who beats every rival head-to-head — is squeezed
  out in the semifinal (Wright 3293, Kiss 2981, Montroll 2553); the final
  elects Kiss 4313-4059 over Wright. Three counts, three winners from these
  same ballots: Plurality Wright, RCV-IRV Kiss, any Condorcet method
  Montroll (see the companion Ranked Robin file). Lesson page: README.md in
  this folder. Real ballots: PrefLib dataset 00005 (00005-00000002.toi,
  8,980 ballots, 384 unique orders; from Burlington's published election
  records). 6 ballots (0.07%) carrying equal-rank overvotes are not
  representable in this ranked syntax and are excluded — 8,974 tabulated;
  every official figure reproduces within +/-1 and every margin is hundreds
  of votes.
voting_method: RCV_IRV
num_winners: 1
ballots: |-
  840:Wright
  355:Kiss>Montroll
  326:Kiss
  271:Wright>Smith
  256:Wright>Montroll
  234:Kiss>Montroll>Smith
  200:Montroll>Kiss
  178:Montroll
  147:Wright>Montroll>Smith
  145:Montroll>Kiss>Smith
  139:Montroll>Smith
  125:Kiss>Smith
  124:Smith
  123:Kiss>Montroll>Smith>Wright>Simpson
  122:Wright>Smith>Montroll
  121:Kiss>Smith>Montroll
  120:Kiss>Montroll>Smith>Simpson>Wright
  104:Wright>Montroll>Smith>Simpson>Kiss
  103:Kiss>Montroll>Simpson>Smith>Wright
  102:Wright>Montroll>Smith>Kiss>Simpson
  101:Wright>Smith>Montroll>Kiss>Simpson
  94:Montroll>Wright
  93:Montroll>Smith>Kiss
  93:Smith>Wright
  90:Wright>Smith>Montroll>Simpson>Kiss
  90:Smith>Montroll
  88:Smith>Kiss>Montroll
  83:Smith>Montroll>Kiss
  80:Kiss>Smith>Montroll>Simpson>Wright
  80:Wright>Kiss
  76:Wright>Smith>Simpson>Montroll>Kiss
  72:Montroll>Kiss>Smith>Wright>Simpson
  71:Kiss>Montroll>Wright>Smith>Simpson
  69:Wright>Montroll>Kiss>Smith>Simpson
  69:Montroll>Smith>Kiss>Wright>Simpson
  66:Kiss>Wright
  62:Montroll>Smith>Wright
  61:Montroll>Kiss>Smith>Simpson>Wright
  60:Montroll>Wright>Smith>Kiss>Simpson
  60:Kiss>Montroll>Smith>Wright
  58:Smith>Kiss>Montroll>Simpson>Wright
  57:Montroll>Wright>Smith
  56:Montroll>Wright>Kiss>Smith>Simpson
  55:Kiss>Smith>Montroll>Wright>Simpson
  54:Wright>Montroll>Smith>Kiss
  53:Montroll>Smith>Kiss>Simpson>Wright
  52:Smith>Wright>Montroll>Kiss>Simpson
  52:Wright>Smith>Kiss>Montroll>Simpson
  52:Montroll>Smith>Wright>Kiss>Simpson
  52:Kiss>Montroll>Simpson
  51:Smith>Kiss
  50:Montroll>Kiss>Wright>Smith>Simpson
  50:Wright>Kiss>Montroll>Smith>Simpson
  50:Smith>Wright>Montroll
  48:Kiss>Montroll>Wright
  46:Montroll>Kiss>Wright
  46:Wright>Montroll>Kiss
  45:Wright>Kiss>Smith>Montroll>Simpson
  45:Wright>Smith>Montroll>Kiss
  43:Smith>Montroll>Kiss>Wright>Simpson
  42:Kiss>Montroll>Smith>Simpson
  41:Kiss>Montroll>Simpson>Smith
  41:Montroll>Smith>Kiss>Wright
  39:Kiss>Wright>Montroll>Smith>Simpson
  39:Montroll>Wright>Smith>Simpson>Kiss
  38:Smith>Montroll>Kiss>Simpson>Wright
  38:Montroll>Kiss>Smith>Wright
  37:Montroll>Wright>Smith>Kiss
  37:Smith>Montroll>Wright
  34:Montroll>Wright>Kiss
  32:Smith>Kiss>Montroll>Wright>Simpson
  32:Montroll>Smith>Wright>Kiss
  31:Smith>Montroll>Wright>Kiss>Simpson
  31:Kiss>Wright>Montroll
  30:Wright>Smith>Kiss
  29:Kiss>Smith>Montroll>Wright
  28:Smith>Wright>Montroll>Simpson>Kiss
  27:Montroll>Kiss>Simpson>Smith>Wright
  27:Montroll>Smith>Simpson>Kiss>Wright
  27:Smith>Wright>Kiss>Montroll>Simpson
  27:Smith>Kiss>Montroll>Wright
  27:Smith>Montroll>Wright>Kiss
  26:Kiss>Smith>Wright>Montroll>Simpson
  26:Smith>Montroll>Kiss>Wright
  25:Wright>Simpson
  24:Kiss>Simpson>Montroll>Smith>Wright
  24:Montroll>Kiss>Wright>Smith
  24:Kiss>Montroll>Wright>Smith
  24:Wright>Kiss>Montroll
  23:Montroll>Smith>Wright>Simpson>Kiss
  23:Kiss>Smith>Simpson>Montroll>Wright
  22:Montroll>Kiss>Smith>Simpson
  21:Kiss>Wright>Smith>Montroll>Simpson
  21:Wright>Kiss>Montroll>Simpson>Smith
  21:Kiss>Smith>Montroll>Simpson
  21:Wright>Kiss>Smith
  20:Montroll>Wright>Kiss>Smith
  19:Wright>Montroll>Simpson>Smith>Kiss
  19:Wright>Smith>Kiss>Montroll
  19:Kiss>Simpson
  18:Smith>Montroll>Simpson>Kiss>Wright
  17:Wright>Smith>Kiss>Simpson>Montroll
  17:Smith>Wright>Montroll>Kiss
  16:Smith>Kiss>Wright>Montroll>Simpson
  16:Wright>Smith>Simpson
  16:Kiss>Simpson>Montroll
  16:Smith>Wright>Kiss
  15:Wright>Smith>Simpson>Kiss>Montroll
  15:Smith>Montroll>Simpson>Wright>Kiss
  15:Wright>Montroll>Kiss>Smith
  15:Kiss>Wright>Smith>Montroll
  15:Wright>Kiss>Montroll>Smith
  15:Kiss>Smith>Wright>Montroll
  15:Kiss>Smith>Simpson
  14:Kiss>Montroll>Wright>Simpson>Smith
  14:Smith>Kiss>Simpson>Montroll>Wright
  13:Kiss>Montroll>Simpson>Wright>Smith
  13:Smith>Montroll>Wright>Simpson>Kiss
  13:Montroll>Smith>Kiss>Simpson
  13:Smith>Kiss>Montroll>Simpson
  13:Kiss>Smith>Wright
  12:Kiss>Wright>Montroll>Simpson>Smith
  12:Kiss>Simpson>Smith>Montroll>Wright
  12:Montroll>Wright>Simpson>Smith>Kiss
  12:Wright>Kiss>Smith>Simpson>Montroll
  12:Smith>Wright>Simpson>Montroll>Kiss
  12:Smith>Wright>Kiss>Montroll
  12:Kiss>Wright>Montroll>Smith
  12:Montroll>Kiss>Simpson
  12:Kiss>Wright>Smith
  11:Wright>Simpson>Smith>Montroll>Kiss
  11:Montroll>Kiss>Wright>Simpson>Smith
  11:Montroll>Smith>Simpson>Wright>Kiss
  11:Montroll>Kiss>Simpson>Smith
  11:Smith>Kiss>Wright
  11:Wright>WriteIn
  10:Wright>Simpson>Smith>Kiss>Montroll
  10:Smith>Kiss>Wright>Simpson>Montroll
  10:Wright>Smith>Montroll>Simpson
  10:WriteIn
  9:Kiss>Smith>Montroll>Simpson>WriteIn
  9:Montroll>Simpson>Kiss>Smith>Wright
  9:Smith>Simpson>Montroll>Kiss>Wright
  9:Kiss>Montroll>Smith>Simpson>WriteIn
  9:Wright>Montroll>Kiss>Simpson>Smith
  9:Kiss>Smith>Simpson>Montroll
  9:Montroll>Simpson>Smith
  8:Montroll>Simpson>Smith>Kiss>Wright
  8:Montroll>Simpson>Smith>Wright>Kiss
  8:Smith>Kiss>Wright>Montroll
  8:Smith>Montroll>Kiss>Simpson
  8:Kiss>Simpson>Montroll>Smith
  8:Wright>Simpson>Smith
  8:Kiss>Simpson>Smith
  8:Montroll>Smith>Simpson
  7:Wright>Montroll>Simpson>Kiss>Smith
  7:Kiss>Simpson>Montroll>Wright>Smith
  7:Wright>Montroll>Smith>Simpson
  7:Montroll>Simpson>Kiss
  7:Smith>Kiss>Simpson
  6:Kiss>Smith>Simpson>Wright>Montroll
  6:Kiss>Smith>Simpson>Montroll>WriteIn
  6:Kiss>Wright>Smith>Simpson>Montroll
  6:Montroll>Kiss>Smith>Simpson>WriteIn
  6:Kiss>Wright>Simpson>Smith>Montroll
  6:Kiss>Simpson>Smith>Montroll
  6:Smith>Simpson
  5:Smith>Simpson>Kiss>Montroll>Wright
  5:Smith>Kiss>Montroll>WriteIn>Simpson
  5:Smith>Wright>Kiss>Simpson>Montroll
  5:Wright>Simpson>Montroll>Smith>Kiss
  5:Kiss>Smith>Wright>Simpson>Montroll
  5:Kiss>Wright>Simpson>Montroll>Smith
  5:Smith>Kiss>Simpson>Montroll
  5:Wright>Smith>Simpson>Montroll
  5:Wright>Kiss>Smith>Montroll
  5:Montroll>Wright>Smith>Simpson
  5:Smith>Simpson>Montroll
  5:Smith>Montroll>Simpson
  5:Montroll>WriteIn
  4:Montroll>Kiss>Simpson>Wright>Smith
  4:Simpson>Smith>Kiss>Montroll>Wright
  4:Kiss>WriteIn>Montroll>Smith>Simpson
  4:Wright>Simpson>Montroll>Kiss>Smith
  4:Kiss>Smith>Montroll>WriteIn>Simpson
  4:Wright>Simpson>Montroll>Kiss
  4:Smith>Simpson>Kiss>Montroll
  4:Montroll>Kiss>Wright>Simpson
  4:Kiss>Wright>Montroll>Simpson
  4:Montroll>Smith>Wright>Simpson
  4:Montroll>Smith>Wright>WriteIn
  4:Wright>Smith>WriteIn
  4:Smith>Wright>Simpson
  4:Wright>Montroll>WriteIn
  4:Kiss>WriteIn
  4:Montroll>Simpson
  3:Kiss>Montroll>Simpson>Smith>WriteIn
  3:Montroll>Kiss>Smith>Wright>WriteIn
  3:Kiss>Simpson>Smith>Wright>Montroll
  3:Kiss>Simpson>Wright>Montroll>Smith
  3:Kiss>Smith>WriteIn>Montroll>Simpson
  3:Montroll>Wright>Kiss>Simpson>Smith
  3:Smith>Simpson>Montroll>Kiss>WriteIn
  3:Smith>Montroll>Kiss>WriteIn>Simpson
  3:Smith>Wright>Simpson>Montroll
  3:Smith>Wright>Montroll>Simpson
  3:Wright>Simpson>WriteIn
  3:Montroll>Wright>Simpson
  3:Montroll>Kiss>WriteIn
  3:Wright>Montroll>Simpson
  3:Smith>Montroll>WriteIn
  3:Simpson>Wright
  3:Simpson>Kiss
  3:WriteIn>Montroll
  3:WriteIn>Wright
  3:WriteIn>Kiss
  3:Simpson
  2:Wright>Simpson>Kiss>Montroll>Smith
  2:Smith>Kiss>Montroll>WriteIn>Wright
  2:Smith>Simpson>Kiss>Wright>Montroll
  2:Smith>Kiss>Simpson>Montroll>WriteIn
  2:Kiss>Simpson>Montroll>WriteIn>Smith
  2:Wright>Kiss>Simpson>Smith>Montroll
  2:Montroll>Smith>Wright>WriteIn>Kiss
  2:Wright>Smith>Montroll>Simpson>WriteIn
  2:Smith>Wright>Simpson>Kiss>Montroll
  2:WriteIn>Montroll>Smith>Simpson>Kiss
  2:Wright>WriteIn>Montroll>Smith>Kiss
  2:WriteIn>Montroll>Smith>Kiss>Simpson
  2:Smith>Montroll>Kiss>Wright>WriteIn
  2:Montroll>Smith>Wright>Simpson>WriteIn
  2:Montroll>Kiss>Smith>WriteIn>Simpson
  2:Montroll>Simpson>Wright>Kiss>Smith
  2:Montroll>WriteIn>Kiss>Smith>Simpson
  2:Simpson>Kiss>Montroll>Wright>Smith
  2:Smith>Simpson>Wright>Montroll>Kiss
  2:WriteIn>Montroll>Simpson>Smith>Kiss
  2:Montroll>Smith>Kiss>Simpson>WriteIn
  2:Montroll>Simpson>Wright>Smith>Kiss
  2:Smith>Montroll>Kiss>WriteIn>Wright
  2:Smith>Kiss>WriteIn>Montroll>Simpson
  2:Smith>Montroll>Simpson>Kiss
  2:Wright>Montroll>Simpson>Kiss
  2:Kiss>Montroll>Wright>WriteIn
  2:Montroll>Simpson>Smith>Wright
  2:Wright>WriteIn>Montroll>Kiss
  2:Kiss>Wright>Smith>Simpson
  2:Wright>Kiss>Smith>Simpson
  2:Montroll>Simpson>Kiss>Wright
  2:Montroll>Simpson>Kiss>Smith
  2:Montroll>Smith>Simpson>Kiss
  2:Kiss>Simpson>Smith>Wright
  2:Kiss>Smith>WriteIn
  2:Wright>Kiss>Simpson
  2:Montroll>Simpson>Wright
  2:Smith>Simpson>Kiss
  2:Smith>Simpson>Wright
  2:Kiss>Simpson>Wright
  2:Smith>Wright>WriteIn
  2:WriteIn>Montroll>Smith
  2:Kiss>Montroll>WriteIn
  2:Simpson>Kiss>Montroll
  1:Wright>Simpson>Smith>Montroll>WriteIn
  1:Kiss>WriteIn>Wright>Simpson>Smith
  1:Kiss>Montroll>WriteIn>Wright>Simpson
  1:Wright>Simpson>Smith>WriteIn>Montroll
  1:Kiss>Montroll>Simpson>WriteIn>Wright
  1:Montroll>WriteIn>Smith>Kiss>Simpson
  1:Smith>Kiss>Montroll>Wright>WriteIn
  1:Wright>Smith>Simpson>Montroll>WriteIn
  1:WriteIn>Kiss>Smith>Simpson>Montroll
  1:Kiss>Wright>Smith>Montroll>WriteIn
  1:Montroll>Simpson>Wright>WriteIn>Kiss
  1:Kiss>Simpson>Wright>Smith>Montroll
  1:Montroll>Simpson>Smith>Kiss>WriteIn
  1:Simpson>Kiss>Montroll>Smith>Wright
  1:Smith>Simpson>WriteIn>Montroll>Kiss
  1:Wright>Smith>Kiss>Montroll>WriteIn
  1:Smith>Montroll>Kiss>Simpson>WriteIn
  1:Simpson>Smith>Montroll>Kiss>Wright
  1:WriteIn>Wright>Smith>Simpson>Montroll
  1:Wright>Montroll>Smith>Kiss>WriteIn
  1:Simpson>Montroll>Wright>Kiss>WriteIn
  1:Smith>Kiss>Montroll>Simpson>WriteIn
  1:Montroll>Kiss>Simpson>Smith>WriteIn
  1:Wright>Smith>WriteIn>Montroll>Simpson
  1:Smith>Simpson>Wright>Kiss>Montroll
  1:Kiss>WriteIn>Smith>Montroll>Simpson
  1:Simpson>Wright>Kiss>Smith>Montroll
  1:Wright>WriteIn>Montroll>Smith>Simpson
  1:Smith>Montroll>Wright>WriteIn>Simpson
  1:Kiss>Simpson>WriteIn>Montroll>Wright
  1:Montroll>Wright>Simpson>Kiss>Smith
  1:WriteIn>Smith>Kiss>Wright>Montroll
  1:Smith>Simpson>Montroll>WriteIn>Kiss
  1:Montroll>Kiss>Smith>WriteIn>Wright
  1:Montroll>Wright>WriteIn>Simpson>Kiss
  1:Kiss>WriteIn>Wright>Smith>Simpson
  1:Smith>Kiss>Wright>Simpson>WriteIn
  1:Kiss>Smith>Simpson>WriteIn>Montroll
  1:Wright>WriteIn>Smith>Montroll>Simpson
  1:Simpson>Kiss>Wright>Montroll>Smith
  1:Simpson>Montroll>Wright>Smith>Kiss
  1:Montroll>Kiss>Simpson>WriteIn>Smith
  1:Montroll>Smith>Simpson>Wright>WriteIn
  1:Simpson>Kiss>Montroll>Wright>WriteIn
  1:Kiss>Simpson>Smith>WriteIn>Wright
  1:Simpson>Smith>Wright>Montroll>Kiss
  1:Montroll>Kiss>WriteIn>Wright>Simpson
  1:Kiss>Smith>Montroll>WriteIn>Wright
  1:Kiss>Montroll>Smith>Wright>WriteIn
  1:Wright>Montroll>Kiss>Smith>WriteIn
  1:WriteIn>Wright>Simpson>Montroll>Kiss
  1:Wright>Kiss>Simpson>Montroll>Smith
  1:Kiss>Simpson>Montroll>Wright>WriteIn
  1:Smith>Wright>Kiss>Montroll>WriteIn
  1:Kiss>Simpson>Montroll>Smith>WriteIn
  1:WriteIn>Montroll>Kiss>Smith>Simpson
  1:Wright>Montroll>WriteIn>Smith>Kiss
  1:Smith>Montroll>Simpson>Kiss>WriteIn
  1:Smith>Simpson>Montroll>Wright>Kiss
  1:Kiss>Wright>Simpson>Montroll>WriteIn
  1:Wright>Simpson>Kiss>Smith>Montroll
  1:Montroll>Simpson>WriteIn>Smith>Kiss
  1:Wright>Smith>Montroll>WriteIn>Kiss
  1:Wright>Smith>Montroll>WriteIn>Simpson
  1:Simpson>Montroll>Smith>Wright>Kiss
  1:Simpson>Kiss>Smith>Montroll>WriteIn
  1:Kiss>Montroll>Simpson>Wright
  1:Wright>Montroll>Simpson>Smith
  1:Kiss>Wright>Simpson>Montroll
  1:Kiss>Simpson>Smith>WriteIn
  1:Montroll>Kiss>WriteIn>Wright
  1:Simpson>Kiss>Montroll>Smith
  1:Kiss>Smith>Montroll>WriteIn
  1:WriteIn>Kiss>Wright>Montroll
  1:Montroll>Simpson>Smith>Kiss
  1:Simpson>Kiss>Smith>Wright
  1:Simpson>Kiss>Smith>Montroll
  1:Smith>Simpson>Kiss>Wright
  1:Smith>Kiss>Simpson>Wright
  1:Montroll>Kiss>Simpson>Wright
  1:Kiss>WriteIn>Montroll>Smith
  1:Wright>Simpson>Montroll>Smith
  1:Montroll>Simpson>Wright>Kiss
  1:Kiss>Smith>Wright>Simpson
  1:Kiss>Montroll>Smith>WriteIn
  1:Wright>Smith>WriteIn>Montroll
  1:Wright>Smith>WriteIn>Simpson
  1:Smith>Simpson>Montroll>Wright
  1:Montroll>WriteIn>Simpson>Smith
  1:Montroll>Smith>Simpson>Wright
  1:Wright>Montroll>Kiss>Simpson
  1:Smith>Montroll>Wright>Simpson
  1:Wright>Kiss>Simpson>Montroll
  1:Smith>Kiss>Wright>Simpson
  1:Montroll>Wright>Smith>WriteIn
  1:Smith>Simpson>Montroll>Kiss
  1:WriteIn>Montroll>Kiss>Wright
  1:Montroll>Wright>WriteIn
  1:Wright>Simpson>Montroll
  1:Wright>Simpson>Kiss
  1:WriteIn>Kiss>Montroll
  1:Smith>Simpson>WriteIn
  1:Simpson>Smith>Montroll
  1:Simpson>Smith>Kiss
  1:Simpson>Smith>Wright
  1:Kiss>Simpson>WriteIn
  1:Simpson>Montroll>Smith
  1:Montroll>WriteIn>Simpson
  1:Wright>WriteIn>Montroll
  1:Wright>WriteIn>Simpson
  1:Wright>WriteIn>Kiss
  1:Kiss>WriteIn>Montroll
  1:Kiss>WriteIn>Wright
  1:Simpson>WriteIn
  1:Smith>WriteIn
  1:WriteIn>Smith
expected_winners:
  - Kiss

# file: burlington_2009_irv.yaml