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#deck:Math::Learning to learn::Cognitive load
#tags:math learning cognitive-load
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Sweller's three kinds of cognitive load	Intrinsic (the task itself), extraneous (distractions that do not help), germane (the effort of building schemas and automaticity).	definition
Why does intrinsic load fall with expertise?	An expert holds several elements as one chunk, so the same material takes fewer places in working memory.	chunk
About how many chunks does working memory hold?	About four (Cowan, 2001); Miller's 1956 figure was seven plus or minus two.	definition
What is a chunk?	A unit you already know well enough to hold as one: a word rather than its letters, 1492 rather than four digits.	chunk
(a+b)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2: how many chunks for a beginner, a student, an expert?	19 symbols, 3 pieces (two sides and =), 1 identity.	chunk
Is intrinsic load a property of the material?	No: of the material together with what the reader already knows.	trap
Why can a conversation nearby stop a student and not an expert?	All loads share one budget; the student is near the limit and the extra load tips them over.	budget
Why does a quiet room not help a complete beginner?	Their intrinsic load alone is far over the budget; only practice lowers it.	budget
Study Tip 4.2	Check your environment to minimise extraneous load before you study; put your phone away.	definition
What chunks does practice build, in the byte-pair model?	The parts that repeat across examples; the parts that change never become chunks.	practice
What is a schema, in the model's terms?	One chunk with slots: (first + second)^2 = first^2 + 2 first second + second^2.	practice
What is germane load?	The effort of building chunks and schemas: a short-term cost for a long-term gain.	definition